{"id":5174,"date":"2023-03-10T15:43:52","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T13:43:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afroditamc.com\/?page_id=5174"},"modified":"2023-06-07T13:16:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-07T10:16:08","slug":"%d0%b3%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%be-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b1%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/afroditamc.com\/en\/in-vitro\/genetichno-testvane-na-embrioni-predi-implantatsiya\/","title":{"rendered":"PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS OF EMBRYOS"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is the number of chromosomes in the embryo we want to place in the woman correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetic testing is a technology that examines the DNA of embryos in the embryology laboratory and\nis an alternative to Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis since the late 1980s. It was created to help couples at\nrisk of passing on a hereditary disease to their offspring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The reason for creating this technology is that embryos with the correct number of chromosomes\n(euploid) have a better success rate than those with the incorrect number of chromosomes\n(aneuploid).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chromosomes are the carriers of DNA. We have 46 chromosomes \u2013 23 come from the egg and 23\nfrom the sperm. Twenty-two of them are "autosomal" and 2 are sex chromosomes (X and Y). All 46\nchromosomes carry the DNA molecule, which gives all the necessary instructions to cells for life and\nnormal functioning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sex chromosomes determine our biological sex. A woman carries two X chromosomes and a man has\none X and one Y chromosome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cells that have a different number of 46 chromosomes are aneuploid. For example, an embryo in\nwhich all cells are 45 is aneuploid. An embryo with 46 chromosomes is euploid, i.e. has the correct\nnumber of chromosomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If your embryo is aneuploid, it has a high chance of failing to implant, or after implantation, of being\naborted at a later stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aneuploidy most often results from errors during the maturation of eggs and sperm. So, for example,\ninstead of getting 23 chromosomes in a sperm, an error can occur resulting in 22 chromosomes.\nThus, when combined with an egg with 23 chromosomes, an embryo with 22+23=45 chromosomes,\nmaking it aneuploid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These errors may occur more frequently with age and are related to egg and sperm quality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eggs are much more likely to be aneuploid with age, and embryos from them will also be aneuploid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For women who have undergone repeated miscarriages (two or more), those with several\nunsuccessful in vitro attempts, or those over the age of 35, and if they are with partners with\nseverely impaired sperm quality, genetic testing of the embryos before implantation could be useful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How is the testing done?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few cells (5-10) must be taken from the embryo - a biopsy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In modern practice, embryos are cultured for 5-6 days in the laboratory until reaching a stage of\ndevelopment called a blastocyst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The procedure consists of several steps:The procedure consists of several steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. A small opening is made with a laser in the shell of the three-day-old embryo - this is Assisted\nHatching.<\/li>
  2. By day 5, 6, or 7, a few cells from the blastocyst begin to poke through the opening. <\/li>
  3. These cells are separated from the embryo with the help of a laser \u2013 a biopsy material is obtained.<\/li>
  4. The biopsy material is sent to a genetics laboratory for testing.<\/li>
  5. The embryo is frozen until the results are available, and then a transfer date is scheduled.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    What might the results of the biopsy be?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Genetic testing shows the number of chromosomes in the embryo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The possible outcomes are broadly divided into three categories: <\/p>\n\n\n\n